Water bills, social tariffs and WaterSure
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Quick answer: Water and sewerage in England and Wales is supplied by regional monopolies — you can't switch supplier as a household.
Water and sewerage in England and Wales is supplied by regional monopolies — you can't switch supplier as a household. But every supplier must offer a 'social tariff' to lower-income customers, plus the WaterSure scheme, which caps bills for people on benefits who use a lot of water for medical or family reasons.
Last reviewed:
Read the full bills & utilities guide →Primary source: www.ofwat.gov.uk/households/customer-assistance
How water billing works
Unmetered customers pay a fixed amount based on the rateable value of their home (an old valuation, often pre-1990). Metered customers pay for the water they actually use, plus a standing charge.
Wholesale prices are set by Ofwat in 5-year price reviews. Retail prices vary substantially between regions because of differences in infrastructure costs and water quality.
WaterSure
WaterSure is a national scheme that caps the metered bill at the average household bill for your supplier's area. To qualify you must: be on a water meter (or waiting for one), receive a qualifying means-tested benefit (e.g. Universal Credit, Pension Credit, Housing Benefit, Income Support, Income-related ESA), and either have three or more children under 19 in full-time education, or have a household member with a medical condition that requires extra water (e.g. a kidney condition needing dialysis, eczema, Crohn's disease).
The cap is applied to forward bills, not retrospectively. You may need to reapply each year.
Should you switch to a meter?
Most water companies will install a meter for free on request, where it is physically practicable. As a rough rule of thumb, if your home has more bedrooms than people you will probably save money on a meter — though it depends heavily on actual usage.
If you find your bill goes up after switching, most areas have a 'cooling off' or 'optional metering' rule allowing you to revert to unmetered billing within 12-24 months. Ask your supplier for the exact rule that applies to you.
Common questions
Can I switch water company?
Households in England and Wales cannot — you are tied to the regional supplier. Business customers can switch since 2017. Scotland has a separate publicly-owned supplier (Scottish Water).
What if I can't afford my bill?
Contact your supplier immediately — they have hardship funds, payment matching, and short-term holds. They legally cannot disconnect your water supply, but unpaid bills can lead to court action and a CCJ.
Is there VAT on water?
Domestic water and sewerage charges are zero-rated for VAT, so there is no VAT to pay on a household bill.